As the Vernal Equinox marks the official onset of spring, not only does the external environment transform, but the intricate internal balance of hormones within the human body also experiences seasonal changes. While the influence of seasons on animals and their hormonal rhythms has been extensively studied, recent research using a comprehensive dataset from an Israeli health service organization sheds light on the intriguing seasonality of hormones in humans, particularly women. This blog explores the science behind the blooming hormones, shedding light on the implications of seasonal shifts and offering insights into maintaining overall well-being.
THE AWAKENING OF NATURE
With the advent of spring, the natural world experiences a vibrant resurgence. Warmer and longer days herald the rebirth of plants and flowers, infusing the surroundings with light and color. In Spanish, the term for spring, “primavera,” literally translates to ‘first greenness.’
HORMONAL AXES AND SEASONAL REGULATION
Major biological functions in mammals, such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and stress adaptation, are orchestrated by dedicated hormonal axes. These axes involve signals from the hypothalamus, which prompt the secretion of specific pituitary hormones into the bloodstream. These pituitary hormones, in turn, instruct peripheral organs to release effector hormones with widespread effects on various tissues. [1]
Seasonal changes are pivotal in altering these physiological set points, a concept known as rheostasis. Animals exhibit seasonal variations in pituitary and effector hormones, influencing reproduction, activity, growth, pigmentation, morphology, and migration. These changes are regulated through a circannual rhythm, even in constant environmental conditions, driven by an internal oscillator with a roughly one-year period. In animals, the pars tuberalis in the pituitary stalk plays a crucial role in this process. [2]
HORMONAL SEASONALITY IN HUMANS
While the seasonality of hormones has been extensively studied in animals, a comprehensive exploration of this phenomenon in humans still needs to be developed. Existing studies, often limited by small sample sizes and a focus on individual hormone axes, have suggested seasonal variations in thyroid hormones and cortisol. However, a thorough understanding requires a large dataset covering multiple hormones. [3]
Recent research analyzed electronic medical records from Clalit, a large Israeli health service organization, comprising 46 million person-years and including millions of blood tests over 15 years (2002-2017). The results revealed clear seasonal patterns in effector hormones, with a peak in winter-spring. Surprisingly, pituitary hormones showed an antiphase, peaking months later in summer.
BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF SPRING HAPPINESS
Scientists have discovered a biological basis for the positive changes in mood during spring. Increased daylight is detected by our eyes, signaling the brain’s pineal gland to reduce melatonin secretion. As melatonin levels drop with lengthening days, our energy levels, sex drive, and confidence rise. Sunlight exposure also boosts serotonin, the happiness hormone, contributing to the overall sense of well-being during the spring season.[4],[5]
MECHANISMS BEHIND SEASONAL HORMONAL PATTERNS
To explain the observed antiphase between pituitary and effector hormones, researchers proposed a mechanism involving the trophic effects of hormones. The functional masses of the glands, influenced by these trophic effects, exhibit seasonal changes over the year, entraining to yearly signals. This intricate feedback circuit, with a natural frequency of about a year, provides a plausible explanation for the coordinated seasonality in human reproduction, metabolism, growth, and stress adaptation. [6]
SUNLIGHT, SEROTONIN, AND VITAMIN D
Sunlight exposure not only influences melatonin but also impacts serotonin release, known as the happiness hormone. With longer days and increased sunlight, serotonin levels rise, contributing to an uplifted mood. Additionally, the boost in vitamin D from sunlight exposure enhances overall well-being, promoting feelings of health and happiness.[7]
NAVIGATING SEASONAL CHANGES: TIPS FOR WOMEN’S HEALTH
Understanding the seasonal nuances of hormonal balance in women opens avenues for proactively managing well-being. Here are some tips:
- Nutritional Support: Adapt your diet to seasonal changes, ensuring it supports hormonal health. Include nutrient-rich foods that promote reproductive and metabolic well-being like:
- Dark leafy greens (broccoli, kale, and Brussels sprouts)
- Asparagus.
- Legumes (beans, lentils, and chickpeas)
- Beets.
- Citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruits, and lemons)
- Nuts (almonds, walnuts, and cashews)
- Fortified cereals and breads.
- Physical Activity: Engage in regular physical activity, tailored to the seasons. Exercise has been shown to modulate hormonal balance and contribute to overall health. You can include 30 mins of Cycling, Hiking, or maybe a Yoga class.
- Mind-Body Connection: Practices such as meditation and mindfulness can help manage stress, contributing to a healthier stress adaptation axis.
- Sleep Hygiene: Prioritize good sleep hygiene. Adequate and quality sleep plays a crucial role in hormonal regulation and overall well-being.
- Regular Health Check-ups: Schedule regular health check-ups, including hormonal assessments, to monitor and address any imbalances.
As science unravels the intricate dance of hormones in response to seasonal changes, women can empower themselves with the knowledge to navigate these shifts effectively. The research underscores the importance of a holistic approach to well-being, considering the interplay between hormonal balance, lifestyle choices, and seasonal adaptations. By embracing a proactive stance, women can foster health and vitality throughout the ever-changing seasons of life.
