World Kidney Day, observed annually on the 2nd Thursday in March [1], is a global initiative dedicated to shedding light on kidney health. Established in 2006, this awareness day has grown from 66 to 88 participating countries within just two years. Jointly organized by the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations (IFKF), World Kidney Day aims to educate the public about the significance of kidney health and the prevention of kidney-related conditions.
THE KIDNEY: VITAL ORGANS IN A NUTSHELL
Our kidneys, two bean-shaped organs situated under the ribcage, play a crucial role in maintaining overall health. With dimensions of approximately 11 cm in length, 6 cm in width, and 3 cm in thickness, these organs weigh around 160 grams. Their primary function involves filtering about 120 liters of blood daily, producing 1.5 to 2 liters of urine in the process. Kidneys eliminate waste, control body fluids, regulate electrolyte concentration, and contribute to hormone secretion.
UNDERSTANDING KIDNEY CONDITIONS
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Chronic kidney disease affects over 10% of the world’s population. It is the 8th leading cause of death and is projected to become the 5th by 2040 if not addressed. Early detection and treatment are crucial in preventing kidney failure, dialysis, or transplant needs.
Did you know? Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect more than 850 million people worldwide and resulted in over 3.1 million deaths in 2019.
Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (2022)
Kidney Stones Disease (KSD)
Kidney Stone Disease (KSD) poses a prevalent clinical challenge on a global scale. Essentially, it involves the development of stones in the kidney (nephrolithiasis), ureter (ureterolithiasis), or urinary bladder (cystolithiasis). This process unfolds through successive physicochemical events, including supersaturation, nucleation, aggregation, and ultimate retention [2]. These stones manifest due to crystal deposition in the kidneys, composed of elements such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium-ammonium phosphate, uric acid, and cysteine [3]. it’s essential to note that medical conditions or family history can also contribute to their formation.
The likelihood of stone formation varies worldwide, with estimated rates ranging from 1% to 5% in Asia, 5% to 9% in Europe, and 13% in North America [4]. Patients diagnosed with KSD are typically advised to maintain a robust fluid intake, aiming to produce at least 2.5 liters of urine within 24 hours.
Did you know? Water helps prevent stone-forming crystals from bonding together.
TYPES OF KIDNEY CONDITIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Bacterial infections affecting the urinary system can progress to severe kidney conditions if left untreated.
Did you know?
Women are more likely to get a UTI than men. Nearly 1 in 3 women will have a UTI needing treatment before the age of 24.
- Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of tiny filtering units (glomeruli) within the kidneys can impair their function.
- Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): A hereditary condition featuring multiple fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, impacting function and structure.
- Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): A sudden and severe decline in kidney function is often caused by dehydration, severe infection, or medication side effects.
WOMEN AND KIDNEY HEALTH [5]
Unique Challenges: Women face challenges related to fertility, pregnancy complications, and access to healthcare. World Kidney Day 2018 focused on “Women & Kidney Disease,” emphasizing the importance of addressing these challenges.
Complications during Pregnancy [6]: Pre-existing kidney diseases may pose threats to maternal and fetal health, leading to complications such as preeclampsia and acute kidney injury.
Access to Healthcare: Socioeconomic and cultural factors affect women’s access to renal replacement therapies, including dialysis and transplantation.
Did you know? About 40% of women with diabetes will develop CKD, which increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and other complications of diabetes.
J Nephropharmacol (2016)
COMPLICATIONS IN KIDNEY CONDITIONS
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): A gradual loss of kidney function over an extended period, impacts overall health.
- Kidney Failure: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) necessitates dialysis or transplantation for survival.
- Sepsis: Severe kidney infections can lead to life-threatening sepsis, causing organ failure.
- Cardiovascular Issues: Kidney problems contribute to an increased risk of heart-related complications.
QUIT SMOKING AND HYDRATE: IMPROVING KIDNEY FUNCTION
CAN QUITTING SMOKING IMPROVE KIDNEY FUNCTION?
The perilous combination of cigarette smoking and renal illness can have severe consequences. Smoking-induced cardiovascular disease adversely affects veins and arteries, directly impacting kidney blood filtration capacity. Quitting smoking in the early stages of CKD can significantly slow down the progression of the illness and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with kidney impairment.
Did you know? Smoking cessation aids in preventing tobacco-related health issues.
CAN DEHYDRATION AFFECT KIDNEY FUNCTIONS?
Water, a vital component for waste removal, keeps arteries open for nutrient flow. Dehydration compromises this process, leading to harmful waste accumulation, kidney stones, and infections. People who have had a kidney stone should drink at least 6.7 (oz) or (8 cups) and ideally around 100 (oz) or (12 cups) of water per day.
Did you know? Healthy adult kidneys can eliminate about 3.35 (oz) or 0.2 (gl) of water per hour.
Water Toxicity (2023)
Read more on Kidney Heath in the previous blogs:
1. Ayurvedic Yoga for Kidneys: Asanas and Practices for Renal Support
2. Nourishing Your Vital Filters: Dos and Don’ts for Kidney Health
